Jasenka Piljac Žegarac, PhD

Jonathan Miner, MD, PhD, and Karin Nielsen-Saines, MD, MPH, discuss the latest insights about neurologic complications of ZVI and knowledge gaps that still exist in this field.

Alberto V. Carli, MD, and Ashley E. Levack, MD, MAS, discuss preventive and treatment options for periprosthetic joint infections.

Research shows that palliative care can help with symptom management, care coordination, therapeutic decision making, and the psychosocial aspects of living with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The risk for HBV transfusion-transmitted infection has been significantly reduced in the last few decades by the careful selection of donors and testing of blood donations, using sensitive serological and molecular screening techniques.

In the past 2 decades, prophylactic antiviral therapies have drastically reduced the rates of HBV recurrence, allograft loss, and mortality in patients undergoing liver transplantation.

A dedicated research effort led by NIH’s National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases is aimed at developing a universal influenza vaccine that would confer better and longer-lasting protection against influenza virus strains.

Without proactive measures and response, the changing climate is projected to continue to adversely affect the global incidence and distribution of infectious diseases and cause 250,000 additional deaths per year between 2030 and 2050.

MicroRNAs are currently under investigation for various clinical applications in infectious disease because of their role in host response to infection and effects on innate and adaptive immune pathways.

Racial disparities in HCV treatment outcomes can be partially explained by the differences in underlying immune/genetic characteristics of patients.

Needle/syringe programs (NSPs) have proven to be effective and moderately effective in preventing transmission of HCV infection and minimizing drug-related harms among people who inject drugs in Europe and North America, respectively.

The high cost of DAA-based regimens remains an ethical issue and an obstacle to treatment accessibility. Shorter treatment regimens may offer substantial cost savings, improved treatment adherence, and a reduced rate of side effects.

The incidence of neurocognitive impairment is high in HIV-infected population, despite the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy (CART).

Despite continual efforts aimed at finding new treatment options, HCC still has a very low 5-year survival rate, less than 20%, as many patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage of the disease.

In addition to prevention measures, switching off the ARTs associated with bone loss and administering intravenous bisphosphonate, a bone resorption inhibitor, can be an effective strategy for preventing bone loss seen in HIV-infected individuals.

A smartphone-based electronic reader with dual point of care tests were evaluated in the detection of antibodies to T pallidum and HIV.

One of the main challenges in managing and controlling hepatitis B infection today is identifying people who are infected and ensuring that they have access to suitable treatment.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis engages the host immune response to drive immunopathology and tissue destruction by disrupting negative regulatory pathways in human macrophages.

Varicella-zoster virus-related community-acquired pneumonia can be linked to significant rates of morbidity and mortality in adults.

Steatosis, hypertension, older age, obesity, and HIV are risk factors for liver fibrosis in African-Americans with chronic hepatitis C.

Point-of-care testing of HIV-exposed infants at birth yielded results comparable to the standard of care laboratory-based testing and reduced time to result and time to antiretroviral therapy initiation.

One-week amphotericin plus flucytosine was found to have comparable efficacy and safety profiles as the standard of care, 2-weeks amphotericin-based therapy, for treatment of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis in African patients.

Cytomeglovirus infection is associated with a range of diagnostic and treatment challenges and a relatively high transmission rate from the mother to the fetus.

Binding pocket and peripheral structural modifications of vancomycin improve its antimicrobial activity and durability.

Breast-feeding throughout the first year of infant’s life was found to influence the bacterial composition and diversity of the infant gut microbiome in a dose-dependent manner.

Antiretroviral therapy was found to be safe and clinically beneficial in young, postpartum women with high CD4+ T cell counts.

Three new aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted, reduced-dose, inactivated polio vaccines (IPV-Al) were found to be noninferior to standard IPV in healthy infants age 6 weeks.

Seqirus IIV4, an investigational quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, was found to be noninferior to US-licensed comparator IIV4 in children aged 5 to 17 years.