Suzanne Bujara

Researchers are still elucidating how weight loss after bariatric surgery affects the gut microbiome and overall health.

Diagnosing coinfection in pneumonia can be challenging because of timing of the sample collection and false-negative results when the viruses replicate in the lower respiratory tract.

Some advocates say that women with undetectable viral loads should be able to breastfeed after thorough consultation with their clinicians.

Proadrenomedullin and procalcitonin have demonstrated superiority to C-reactive protein for predicting mortality and guiding antimicrobial therapy in critically ill patients with fever.

Before the advent of potent antiviral agents, liver transplantation was the only treatment option for patients with hepatitis and a poor prognosis; antiretrovirals can now provide a potentially curative approach.

With the advent of platform manufacturing technology, vaccines can be developed quickly to stop the spread of outbreaks.

Mental health problems are 1 of the most important reasons for failing to engage in long-term control of HIV.

Clinicians need to monitor reactivation of the hepatitis B virus in patients with rheumatic diseases by testing for elevation of liver enzymes and HBV DNA levels.

To meet the goals of the World Health Organization for reducing new infections and decreasing deaths associated with hepatitis B and C virus by 2030, people on the margins of society will need to be tested and treated, including refugees and migrants from endemic regions, as well as people who inject drugs.

GBS infections in infants, cellulitis and necrotizing fasciitis, although uncommon in infants, requires swift treatment with antibiotics and occasionally surgical debridement.

First trimester treatment for malaria could change with the results of 1 of the most robust meta-analyses to date that compared artemisinin-based therapy vs quinine.

As more deaths among individuals living with HIV are not directly associated with communicable diseases, the influence of sex hormones and inflammation on morbidity is coming under scrutiny.

After hospital discharge for sepsis, the healthcare team should focus on identifying new functional, mental, and cognitive impairments and referring patients to appropriate treatment; reviewing and adjusting long-term medications; and evaluating for treatable conditions that commonly result in hospitalizations.

Experts from the World Health Organization and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine in the United Kingdom discuss the imperative to stop viral hepatitis, current diagnostic challenges, and the future of testing.

Chest X-rays do not differentiate between viral and bacterial pathogens, and they do not subsequently alter the course of treatment.

Experts discuss antibiotic classes in development, which agents holds the most promise, and how to prevent further resistance.

Use of incentives makes the most sense with disadvantaged populations including homeless, drug users, and people in developing countries.

Physicians can help avoid contributing to antibiotic resistance by recognizing and using appropriate alternative treatments, and having a strategy so that patients are not on antibiotics for a long period of time.

Learn more about when stopping antiretroviral therapy (ART) may be necessary, why patients discontinue ART, predicting viral suppression, and predicting and encouraging adherence.

Difficulty breathing and hypoxemia may be a better indication of pneumonia in children.

High-dose vitamin D supplements do not prevent viral upper respiratory tract infections in young children.

Inadvertent administration of the quadrivalent HPV vaccine during periconception or pregnancy was not associated with additional risk to mothers and their infants.

High-doses of atorvastatin reduced inflammation and improved health-related quality of life in patients with bronchiectasis.

Fixed-dose ledipasvir-sofosbuvir plus weight-based ribavirin may offer a treatment alternative in treatment-naïve patients with non-cirrhotic GT3 HCV.

Artificial intelligence-trained computer networks can potentially diagnose tuberculosis.

Evidence shows that antibiotic use before age 3 years is associated with asthma risk but not with asthma exacerbations in later childhood.