Experts discuss the various imaging modalities for children who require diagnostic workup beyond urine culture, as well as the consequences of overusing antibiotics and antibiotic route of administration.
Treatment with cotrimoxazole in infants exposed to HIV but uninfected (HEU) increases resistance gene prevalence and α-diversity and decreases microbial taxonomic, functional pathway, and resistance gene β-diversity.
The prevalence of neural tube defects is 7.0 per 10,000 live births in HIV-exposed pregnancies, which is similar to the prevalence in the general population.
Starting antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV-infected infants within hours of birth does not seem to result in a higher proportion of infants who attain and sustain viral suppression on ART.
Vaccine effectiveness and severity of current and prior seasons of influenza have demonstrated no association with vaccination rate in children, according to a study published in JAMA Pediatrics. Compared with other pediatric and adolescent vaccines, the influenza vaccination rate remains low in children. Although many reasons may affect whether a child is vaccinated, the extent…
Childhood vaccination for norovirus may reduce the community burden of norovirus outbreaks, according to a study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. Norovirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in the United States, causing an estimated 20 million illnesses each year. Norovirus affects all age groups; however, severe illness is most likely to occur in…
For patients with pharyngotonsillitis caused by group A streptococci, treatment with penicillin V four times a day for 5 days was comparable with penicillin V three times a day for 10 days
Alendronate treatment is well-tolerated and improved bone mineral density (BMD), with no safety concerns in children and adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV, according to a study recently published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. Compared with children and adolescents without HIV, those who are perinatally infected have lower BMD; this may be related to antiretroviral therapy (ART).…
Pre-existing low-avidity neutralizing maternal measles antibodies do not interfere with the development of high concentrations of high-avidity measles antibodies in children immunized at age 12 months.
An investigational pneumococcal protein-based vaccine co-administered with PCV13 was well-tolerated and immunogenic but did not show incremental efficacy in preventing AOM or acute lower respiratory tract infection in children.
The development of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infants within the first 6 months of life was associated with increased odds of pneumonia, otitis media, and filling of antibiotic prescriptions in the second 6 months of life, according to study results published in Clinical Infectious Diseases. This was a population-based cohort study of infants…
The epidemiology of acute gastroenteritis pathogens identified from pediatric patients who have undergone allogenic hematopoietic cell transplant may be changing.
